F-1 OPT – King Law Group

Can’t Travel, Visa Expires, What Do I Do Now?

A lot of people stuck abroad have experienced panicking moments in the past two weeks when flights are cancelled and borders are closed due to the #COVID-19 shutdown. In March, 2020, the U.S. Department of State announced that immigrant (IV) and nonimmigrant visa (NIV) appointments at ALL Consulates are suspended due to coronavirus. Many countries are also restricting exiting and entering in order to control spread of the pandemic.

So what does this mean when my visa expires?

These travel restrictions have made family unity and returning to work difficult, if not impossible. Employers are now in the dark with no specific return date for their valued employees and facing uncertainties as to their future needs. Since many visas have a maximum period allowed pursuant to regulation, consular officers do not have the authority to extend visa validity. However, the consular may be able to re-print a visa once travel becomes possible.

Consulates are able to re-issue a new visa provided that all supporting documents, such as police certificates, medical examinations, etc., have not expired. If the supporting documents have expired, the applicant will be required to obtain new copies prior to the re-issuance of the new visa. Applicants will have to contact the consulate for the re-issuance and different consulate has different procedures.

For people who are stuck in the U.S. either on valid visas or during grace period, but are not able to leave the U.S. to return to their home countries, options are also limited. Many have applied to extend or change their status using the Form I-539, but this also comes with a hefty fee. Others are banking on the fact that a brief overstay won’t be too problematic if it is limited to 180 days.

The American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) has filed a complaint against USCIS calling for the immediate suspension of immigration benefit deadlines and the maintenance of status for nonimmigrants in the U.S. in light of the pandemic, urging USCIS to extend its filing deadlines so that lawfully present foreign nationals in the United States can maintain status during the pandemic.

While we wait for the outcome of this lawsuit, we urge everyone to stay tuned and take care of yourselves.

Pew Research Center – Foreign Graduates Are Staying in the U.S. for Employment

International students choose to study in the U.S. for many different reasons, and many choose to stay and work after they graduate from U.S. colleges and universities. The Pew Research Center analyzed U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) data and found that more and more high-skilled foreign graudates find jobs in the United States under the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program. The OPT program provides an important opportunity for foreign graduates to work in the U.S. for up to 12 months or 36 months, depending on their field. Many students choose to take advantage of the OPT programs to utilize the skills they learned.

The Pew Research Center found that the federal government approved nearly 700,000 OPT applications between 2008 and 2014. Below are the interesting findings:

The annual number of OPT approvals rose from 28,497 in 2008 to 136,617 in 2014.
Many of those working in the U.S. under the OPT program go on to apply for H-1B visas to stay longer in the U.S.
Those with STEM majors had a higher employment rate (73%) than non-STEM majors (57%).
Foreign students from India and China accounted for more than half (57%) of all those who were approved for OPT.

To read the full report by Neil Ruiz: click here.

微商微店会属于非法就业吗？

美国移民法律上来说，“就业”一词通常是指个人提供服务或劳动，并为这些服务支付报酬的关系。如果没有工作授权，接受任何服务的报酬可能导致违反签证状态。

移民上诉委员会认为自雇也是“就业”。因此，经营业务是违反非移民类签证的身份，比如是旅游签证，学生签证等等。另外来说，如果在在美国在外国公司工作，也是不允许的 – 任何在美国完成的工作，即使对于外国公司，即使支付给外国银行账户，仍然在美国被视为“就业”，必须要有授业文件。这样来说的话，在美国境内的微商微店都可能触犯非法就业。

在没有工作授权的情况下，持非移民性签证的人可能可以在美国当志愿者或者被动地投资在美国。临时签证持有人可以管理自己的投资，如股票和物业，甚至可以购买正在经营的业务，只要他/她不提供任何劳动或服务，并且不积极经营业务。但是，每个签证都是为特定目的签发的，而且签证持有人预计将花大部分时间从事签发签证的活动。如果没有工作授权，投资管理，和志愿服务应该仍然是临时签证持有人在美国的经验的外围组成部分。

未经授权的雇佣：1）可能违反了非移民签证身份; 2）可能导致逮捕，并可能从美国递解出境; 3）将导致拒绝延长或改变签证; 4）可能在几年后发现签证申请人犯有签证欺诈行为，从而无法转变绿卡; 5）如果加上在I-9表格上对美国公民身份作假，可以导致永久不可受理公民申请递解出境，没有豁免可用。

H-1B签证流程以及可选实习培训（OPT）就业资格的F-1学生

越来越多的雇主针对美国国土安全部和美国公民及移民服务局USCIS的H-1B签证彩票流程提起诉讼。诉讼声称H-1B签证彩票流程缺乏明确性以及整体H-1B彩票过程是非法的。H-1B签证彩票使得公司及其员工很难为未来做计划。

H-1B计划背景

美国公司使用H-1B计划雇用外国工人在特定领域至少需要学士学位的职业。由于其多功能性，它是最常用的工作授权签证类别。因此，许多公司希望申请H-1B，但是每个财政年度可以颁发的新H-1B签证的数量有法定上限。每年只有65,000个新的H-1B签证号码，另有20,000个保留给至少拥有美国机构硕士学位的个人。当提交的请求超过可以发放的彩票时，USCIS采用计算机生成的随机选择过程来选择申请进行裁决。USCIS然后返回未选择的H-1B申请以及申请费。重要的是要注意，这个彩票不适用于以前被计入H-1B上限的个人，也不适用于那些豁免上限的机构。

对H-1B签证的需求通常超过供应，所以快速到达上限。USCIS决定彩票系统是最公平的方式。仅在今年，USCIS宣布今年4月的前5个工作日内收到了236,000件H-1B申请。这意味着每个请愿书有大约30％的选择机会。对于来自美国机构的硕士学位持有人来说，这个统计数字略高，因为如果没有从20,000个彩票中选中的上限申请，那么它被放入65,000的彩票池中。

彩票过程是一种机会游戏。最好的解决办法是国会提高允许的H-1B签证的法定数量，使雇主更容易保留美国教育机构中最好和最聪明的。明年开始，非移民工人请愿书（I-129）也将涨价到$460，原来的价格是$325。

如果您是具有可选实习培训（OPT）就业资格的F-1学生，并且您的H-1B状态备案更改已被美国公民和移民服务局（USCIS）接受。批准的请愿将有2016年10月1日开始日期。如果你的OPT在此之间过期，你的就业卡根据“限额”OPT扩展规则可以自动延长到2016年9月30日。这种差距延长，仅适用于提交更改身份的H-1B申请，即使在OPT就业卡过期后，您仍可继续合法工作。你需要向您学校的国际学生办公室提供H-1B收据通知副本，更新您的I-20。

OPT以及H-1B期间境外旅行须知

如果你的OPT就业卡尚未过期，H-1B申请已被接受，但尚未批准，最好来说，您在此之间不要出国旅行。如果您的F-1签证已过期，您需要申请一个新的签证。如果你离开美国，即使H-1B批准，您的身份将不会更改为H-1B，因为您离开美国，而H-1B“状态更改”请求正在等待。

如果你的OPT就业卡尚未过期而且H-1B已被批准，你有可能可以旅行。在这种情况下旅行有非常真实的风险，当USCIS批准你的H-1B申请，学生和交换观众信息系统（SEVIS）可能不再反映您是F-1学生，并且在F-1状态进入美国可能有困难。

如果你的OPT就业证已过期，您有资格留在美国，并继续在上述讨论的上限扩展规则下工作。如果您在此期间必须离开美国，您将无法返回美国，直到您获得H-1B签证的H-1B签证。在申请批准的开始日期之前，允许在H-1B签证最初进入美国10天。

如果你必须离境的话，您可以在H-1B申请获得批准后随时在美国大使馆或领事馆安排预约，随时申请H-1B签证。签证将在2016年10月1日之前生效。

如果你H-1B请愿被USCIS拒绝。你可以在您的F-1 OPT身份结束后的60天内留在美国，但仅用于解决您在美国境内的个人事务和国内旅行。您在这60天的宽限期内不得工作。